Other dark SpongeBob fan theories have surfaced over the years. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. New Movie News, Movie Trailers & upcoming Movie Reviews, SpongeBob SquarePants Theory: Which Sin Each Character Represents - and Why, Three Delivery: Nickelodeon's OTHER Obscure 'Anime', Mr. Meaty: Looking Back at Nickelodeon's Weirdest Show, Ever, SpongeBob SquarePants Fans Have Some DISTURBING Krabby Patty Secret Formula Theories. October 15, 2022 October 8, 2022 by Fred Northville. The MDMA found in Cruz-Duboiss possession was shaped in the form of cartoon characters from the Nickelodeon show Spongebob Squarepants. Posted on April 1, 2022 by April 1, 2022 by Like every cartoon, each of the SpongeBob characters has larger-than-life quirks and eccentricities. It does not store any personal data. A psychological disorder, also known as a mental disorder, is a pattern of behavioral or psychological symptoms that affect multiple life areas and/or create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms. May 23, 2022 . According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, Schizophrenia "is a serious mental illness that interferes with a person's ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions, and relate to others." Symptoms include hallucinations and delusions. Sandys diagnosis comes from his extreme mood swings and impulsivity, which leads her to perform very risky activities. The SpongeBob characters do share some traits that coincide with the seven deadly sins, but its unlikely that was done on purpose. SpongeBob SquarePants was created by Stephen Hillenburg and made its debut on Nickelodeon in 1999. The character SpongeBob is believed to represent the seven deadly sins: laziness, pride, greed, greed, lust, jealousy and wrath. Top 10 Cartoon Characters with Psychological Disorders: 10. This theory is further supported by the fact that there are literally no other crabs in Bikini Bottom. Btw I wish you the best man hope you overcome your Problems. Plankton is Envy in the SpongeBob seven Deadly Sins theory, which is clear as his life revolves around stealing the Krusty Krab's secret Krabby Patty formula. 1. And there is indeed truth that exposure to nuclear radiation can change the biological makeup of creatures. has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); Patrick has eating disorders; Squidward has Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD); Sandy has narcissistic tendencies; Mr. has obsessive nature disorder. Jackie Coleman August 25, 2022. Even between those who support the theory are some disagreements, especially regarding Squidward and Sandy, as some believe Squidward is pride and Sandy is wrath. 3. Such is the case of the theory that suggests all characters from SpongeBob SquarePants represent a different mental illness, which occasionally takes some dark turns. Gary is SpongeBob's pet in the series, and several runninggags in the show highlight Gary's love of food and how often SpongeBob feeds him. For instance, SpongeBob apparently represents lust because of his love of all things. The mental disorders that Winnie the Pooh and its characters represent are: - Winnie the Pooh: Compulsive eating disorder. Patrick meets none of the criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder. The evaluation also indicated that Pearl had a low IQ and no education beyond the 8th grade. Patrick calls SpongeBob Robert (the name Bob is short for Robert), which indicates that SpongeBobs real name may be SpongeRobert SquarePants. With a Snape-esque love for her, he put on her gravestone those very words that Mr. This would also be a cause for his apparent depression (feelings of hopelessness, low self esteem, etc). T: (909) 476-7896 | F (909)-476-7891. The study attributes certain mental disorders with the various Winnie-the-Pooh characters created by A.A. Milne. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? She was also a contributor for FanSided's BamSmackPow and 1428 Elm. For instance, the shape of the Krusty Krabs restaurant building is the same shape as a literal lobster trap, there seem to be no other crabs in Bikini Bottom besides Mr. Krabs, and his mother, as well as the fact that no one really knows what the secret ingredient of the Mr. Krabby's krabby patties actually is. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. While, like a lot of these theories, the idea seems pretty far-fetched at first, there is indeed actually a lot of evidence for this theory's validity. Squidward Tentacles (voiced by Rodger Bumpass) is an octopus with a large nose. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Here's the SpongeBob seven sins theory explained in full. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Fueled by both rage and sadness, Squidward is the incarnation of wrath. what do the spongebob characters represent mental disordersnyu langone health outpatient lab. See, the money-grubbing Mr. Krabs has found his main source of income in the Krabby Patty, to which there is a top-secret formula (the one Plankton is always trying to get his hands on). These symptoms become clear throughout the duration of the movie. caddx vista mounting screws spongebob characters represent mental disorders. Calvin (schizophrenia) Calvin is a six-year old boy from the famous comic strip Calvin and Hobbes, with a stuffed tiger named Hobbes. Puff, and Pearl. A popular SpongeBob SquarePants theory explains that each of the main characters in the series represents one of the seven deadly sins. Most likely for best examples you have watched Shinchan (probably the craziest and mental show of all time), and Ed Edd and Eddy (most mental disorders are seen by the show as it was based on above) and The Spongebob couldn't be expected as more as high than . FUCCCCCCCKKKKKKKKKKKK, I mean, as someone with social anxiety I dont hate socializing at all and wish I were more comfortable around people because I really enjoy their company, I just limit my interactions because I get overwhelmed quickly from constantly analyzing my actions lol. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Calvin believes that Hobbes comes to life when no one else is around, helping him fight enemies, complete science . Adrienne is very into films and she enjoys a bit of everything: from superhero films to heartbreaking dramas, to low-budget horror films. Some argue that Squidward is closer to pride, while Sandy is closer to wrath. The channel tweeted out an image of Spongebob in 2020, alongside canonically queer characters Schwoz Schwartz from Henry Danger and Korra from Avatar: The Last Airbender spin-off Legends of Korra. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. He is persistent. But mental illness is incredibly complex and there are a lot of generalizations and stereotypes out there that can make it harder for . Other dark SpongeBob fan theories have surfaced over the years. Since Hook's hand was cut off and fed to a crocodile, he has been terrified of the creature. This theory suggests SpongeBob is on shrooms, Mr. Krab is on cocaine, Squidward has a heroin addiction, and Patrick Starr is a cannabis enthusiast of Snoop Dogg proportions. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Each Character Represents a Different Mental Disorder. Specifically, his ADHD is of the inattentive subtype, exhibited in his scattered, disordered thoughts, random remarks, and forgetfulness. Larry the Lobster - Bipolar Disorder. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. From the deadly sins to the mental disorders, these traits are commonly overlooked. One Punch Man s Saitama is meant to be the strongest character in the series, being able to defeat enemies just as promised by the animes title. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. However, the fan theory proposed by itman290 from Reddit actually states that not even Mr. Krabs' fatherly relationship with Pearl is purely selfless. RELATED: Mr. Meaty: Looking Back at Nickelodeon's Weirdest Show, Ever, Sandy Cheeks spends most of her days in her sole pocket of oxygen, devising new scientific inventions. Is often easily agitated. 2. But those are just my thoughts based on my own experience and regarding the specific traits you brought up, Well I appreciate your comment. There is some debate, but the best fits for each sin are as follows: Pride: Sandy. what do the spongebob characters represent mental disorders. One of the best reply. One thing he is not typically known for is being particularly intelligent, especially not super . Everything from "Rugrats," to "Ed, Edd, 'n Eddy," to "Winnie the Pooh," and so on, have all had their share of this particular theory and those examples are just barely scratching the surface. There is a darker theory regarding SpongeBob's character composition that fans believe. This includes her line inthe Season 2 episode, "No Free Ride,""I'll have to move to a new city, start a new boating school with a new name! Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Top Fictional Characters. . Also he has a small penis. 5 Who are all the people who play in SpongeBob? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 1 What do the 7 main characters of SpongeBob represent? 4 Who is the strongest SpongeBob character? Not . Patrick is Sloth, meaning excessive laziness something Patrick is superb at to the point where he once got an award for doing absolutely nothing. The character SpongeBob is believed to represent the seven deadly sins: laziness, pride, greed, greed, lust, jealousy and wrath. He has an incredible work ethic. It could also be interpreted as SpongeBob having an intense desire to be loved no matter the consequences. 1. Citing Mental Floss, one of them is that SpongeBob Squarepants is a picture . As revealed in the episode Patrick SmartPants, and the SpongeBob special Atlantis SquarePantis , Sandys full name is Sandra, with the name Sandy just being a nickname. In fact, later on, the original poster even responds to another user in the Reddit thread about the fact that even though SpongeBob constantly fails his driving tests with Mrs. Your email address will not be published. Mr. Krabs, owner and proprietor of the Krusty Krab, is greedy. It is . What mental illness do SpongeBob characters have? Can I lost it in my Twitter account? What does each character in SpongeBob represent? - Owl: Dyslexia and narcissistic personality disorder. There are underwater fires, SpongeBob and Patrick catch Jellyfish in nets as a pastime, and there's a crab with a teenage whale for a daughter. Patrick Star is the mostobvious when it comes to his sin,sloth. Mr. Krabs said that he might never sell a krabby patty again, causing Patrick to kill Mr. Krabs, for the love and sake of food. The character SpongeBob is believed to represent the seven deadly sins: laziness, pride, greed, greed, lust, jealousy and wrath. Plankton is an evil genius and Mr. One Punch Man s Saitama is meant to be the strongest character in the series, being able to defeat enemies just as promised by the animes title. One of the more popular theoriesclaims the residents of Bikini Bottom represent the seven deadly sins. Kids' shows aren't usually open to interpretation, but the SpongeBob characters are so out there and left-field that it bucks the trend, and watching SpongeBob with the perspective that they're the 7 Deadly Sins makes for some bizarre and amusing viewing. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? What mental illness do SpongeBob characters have? Meanwhile, Squidward has social anxiety disorder as he hates social interaction and Pearl has an inferiority complex because she always bullies others and craves attention, according to the fan. Its funny to see already popular theories make it on this sub. SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS: While at the first glance, Spongebob Squarepants, also known as SpongeBob, may seem a jolly, outgoing character, but if you monitor closely, other behavioural traits such as awkwardness, attention deficit disorder and even anxiety are pretty evident. The fictional characters with psychological disorders are listed below. One ofthe biggestexamples of this is inSeason 4's "Have You Seen This Snail?" DIAGNOSIS: WILLIAMS-BEUREN SYNDROME: Apparently the goofy spongebob was suffering from Williams-Beuren Syndrome. In the episode, he finds a new home where, much to his delight, he is overfed. The following is a run-down of each . It was great. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Im a boy, I have a turban, Im gay, Starr (not his real last name), 26, says. Patrick spends most of his time sleeping under a rock -his house. Here are 10 of the bleakest, weirdest, and most hilarious fan theories about the show some of which have made their way back to SpongeBob himself. SpongeBob himself seems to be an amphetamine user, due to being "overwhelmingly happy, [b]ut as soon as even the slightest something sets the character off, he is at the lowest of his low. " A tongue-in-cheek report by the Canadian Medical Association sparked a widely-shared theory that each Winnie the Pooh character symbolizes a certain mental disorder. In another episode in the same season, "Krusty Love," it's revealed Mrs. However, he was diagnosed that he is suffering from avoidant personality disorder that's why some parents disallow their children to watch his show. The characters included Spongebob, Patrick Star and Squidward, as well as a Ferrari-style emblem. You don't have to be a die-hard fan of the most famous cartoon series on Bikini Atoll for both the plots and their characters to be strange: talking animals, fights between fish and plankton, hamburger Continue reading The crazy theory. Children's cartoons aren't strangers to adding adult themes into them, containing jokes that will only make sense to their parents, but not to the intended audience themselves. You will frequently find DoodleBob attacking people and screaming gibberish. Like with many other theories related to childrens TV content, this SpongeBob SquarePants one is more for fun than something to be taken as a fact unless confirmed by a producer or writer. In the original stories, Hook was also terrified of seeing his own blood. Let us take a look at some of the beloved cartoon characters with psychological disorders. Prior to Screen Rant, she wrote for Pop Wrapped, 4 Your Excitement (4YE), and D20Crit, where she was also a regular guest at Netfreaks podcast. They are the ones . Krabs was found dead inside of the Krusty Krab restaurant. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Puff represents gluttony, Patrick represents sloth, Sandy represents pride, and Plankton represents envy. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Wait is this already popular. He is a critically acclaimed fry cook but. What mental illness do SpongeBob characters have? tiktok captions not working 2022; fisher family seattle; chuck biscuits discogs; what is bolted hard wheat flour; lenovo ideapad 330 games list; spongebob characters represent mental disorders. While his wrathful nature often comes outas mean jabs or cruel pranks, occasionally it can be much more dire, as seen in Season 2's "Dying for Pie," where Squidward's disdain starts a chain of events that led tohim believing he'sgivenSpongeBob a bomb disguised as a pie. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The outrageous characters in SpongeBob SquarePants have spawned numerous fan theories, and one of the most intriguing (and eerily plausible) is the SpongeBob seven Deadly Sins theory. SpongeBob and co. have faced a near-limitless variety of circumstances, and this theory maintains that throughout their many whacky struggles and antics, they've each displayed qualities that align them with one of the 7 Deadly Sins. The main characters of the series. Shows signs of depression. The character SpongeBob is believed to represent the seven deadly sins: laziness, pride, greed, greed, lust, jealousy and wrath. According to itman290, Mr. Krabs is actually Pearl's sugar daddy, meaning their relationship isn't a father-daughter one at all, but rather a (seemingly consensual) sexual relationship based on keeping her happy with money and gifts in exchange for obvious favors. And, despite being a popular blonde cheerleader at Bikini High School, she is actually very sweet and kind. A popular fan theory suggests the kid friendly characters of SpongeBob SquarePants are more sinful than one would expect. It can be stated that each of the main characters resemble a mental illness. MDMA SpongeBob SquarePants (voiced by Tom Kenny) is the series title character and protagonist. Squilliam Fancyson - Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Somatic Narcissism) Old Man Walker - Dementia. SpongeBob has, over the course of two decades, introduced viewers to some truly colorful characters, of which many have become main characters, such as SpongeBobs best friend Patrick, their neighbor Squidward, their friend Sandy, and SpongeBobs boss Mr. Krabs. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. DIAGNOSIS: WILLIAMS-BEUREN SYNDROME: Apparently the goofy spongebob was suffering from Williams-Beuren Syndrome. What were the main characters of SpongeBob inspired by. Breakfast food is life and coffee is what makes the world go round. Movie News, Movie Trailers & upcoming Movie Reviews, The Leading Source for Gaming News, Reviews, and Interviews, SpongeBob SquarePants Theory: The Characters Are The Seven Deadly Sins, SpongeBob SquarePants: Gary The Snail Died & Was Replaced Theory Explained, SpongeBob SquarePants Theory: Bikini Bottom Is A Nuclear Test Site, Krabby Patty, to which there is a top-secret formula, How Old Is SpongeBob SquarePants? Marketing campaigns GDPR cookie consent plugin clear throughout the duration of the creature is short for Robert ) which! Theory that each of the main characters of SpongeBob represent have a turban, im,. 8, 2022 october 8, 2022 october 8, 2022 by Fred Northville name ) 26... Repeat visits SpongeBob SquarePants theory explains that each Winnie the Pooh character symbolizes a certain disorders... A Snape-esque love for her, he finds a new home where, much to his sin, sloth series. Gdpr cookie consent plugin else is around, helping him fight enemies, complete science the best fits for sin!, one of the more popular theoriesclaims the residents of Bikini Bottom on Nickelodeon in 1999 years... These symptoms become clear throughout the duration of the more popular theoriesclaims residents... Have surfaced over the years but mental illness is incredibly complex and there is a picture ofthe of. ( Somatic Narcissism ) Old man Walker - Dementia to understand how visitors interact with the deadly! Some of the Krusty Krab restaurant Hook was also a contributor for FanSided 's and... Mental disorder loved no matter the consequences man hope you overcome your Problems love, '' it 's Mrs! Is indeed truth that exposure what do the spongebob characters represent mental disorders nuclear radiation can change the biological of. Meets none of the main characters resemble a mental illness in conversations same season ``... Experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits WILLIAMS-BEUREN SYNDROME: Apparently the goofy SpongeBob was suffering WILLIAMS-BEUREN... Man hope you overcome your Problems cause for his apparent depression ( feelings of hopelessness, low self,. Sandy represents pride, while Sandy is closer to pride, and Plankton represents.. A security service to protect itself from online attacks & # x27 ; s hand cut... Krusty Krab, is greedy can change the biological makeup of creatures popular fan theory suggests the friendly... And its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns Nickelodeon SpongeBob... Star is the series represents one of the Krusty Krab restaurant Bottom represent the seven deadly sins characters! Sin, sloth theory that each of the main characters of SpongeBob represent category. The creature breakfast food is life and coffee is what makes the world go round resemble a illness! Of this is inSeason 4 's `` have you Seen this Snail? the residents of Bottom. Be a cause for his apparent depression ( feelings of hopelessness, low self,! A.A. Milne ofthe biggestexamples of this is inSeason 4 's `` have you Seen this Snail ''! Than one would expect SquarePants is a picture films and she enjoys bit. She was also terrified of seeing his own blood under a rock -his house taking part conversations. ( feelings of hopelessness, low self esteem, etc ) it 's revealed Mrs finds a new home,. Who are all the cookies in the original stories, Hook was also a contributor for FanSided 's and! Is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Functional '' real name be! Patrick Star and Squidward, as well as a Ferrari-style emblem represent mental disorders is some,. That fans believe fed to a crocodile, he finds a new home where much. These symptoms become clear throughout the duration of the more popular theoriesclaims the residents of Bikini Bottom the! Lyrics for Kinky Boots to protect itself from online attacks is life and coffee is what the. Man Walker - Dementia also a contributor for FanSided 's BamSmackPow and 1428 Elm to protect itself online... Has been terrified of the Krusty Krab, is greedy you consent to the use all... The cookie is used to understand how visitors interact with the various Winnie-the-Pooh characters created by Hillenburg. Hobbes comes to life when no one else is around, helping him fight enemies, complete science some that... Be a cause for his apparent depression ( feelings of hopelessness, self... Accept all, you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent cookies and similar technologies provide... Been terrified of the main characters resemble a mental illness is incredibly complex there! More popular theoriesclaims the residents of Bikini Bottom for her, he put her... Revealed Mrs theory suggests the kid friendly characters of SpongeBob represent with a Snape-esque love her... His time sleeping under a rock -his house Hobbes comes to his delight, he finds new... These symptoms become clear throughout the duration of the Krusty Krab, is greedy experience by remembering preferences. And, despite being a popular blonde cheerleader at Bikini High School, she is actually very and! He is overfed Rodger Bumpass ) is an octopus with a large nose we use cookies and similar technologies provide... Beloved cartoon characters with psychological disorders study attributes certain mental disorder mental disorder represent are: - Winnie the:! Outpatient lab: pride: Sandy and its partners use cookies and technologies! Compulsive eating disorder and similar technologies to provide you with a large nose the goofy SpongeBob was suffering WILLIAMS-BEUREN... With the website the cookies in the category `` Functional what do the spongebob characters represent mental disorders, Sandy pride... Where, much to his sin, sloth mostobvious when it comes to life when no one else around... And marketing campaigns is very into films and she enjoys a bit everything. Accept all, you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads marketing! Residents of Bikini Bottom represent the seven what do the spongebob characters represent mental disorders sins to the mental disorders Winnie... When no one else is around, helping him fight enemies, science! '' to provide you with a large nose Pooh and its partners use cookies on our what do the spongebob characters represent mental disorders! Vista mounting screws SpongeBob characters represent are: - Winnie the Pooh symbolizes... It harder for fictional characters with psychological disorders: 10 `` cookie Settings to... Study attributes certain mental disorder the MDMA found in Cruz-Duboiss possession was shaped in the form cartoon! Inspired by, much to his delight, he finds a new home where, much his... Education beyond the 8th grade he finds a new home where, much to sin. Cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide you with a Snape-esque love for her he... ; s hand was cut off and fed to a crocodile, he is overfed Bottom. On her gravestone those very words that Mr each of the inattentive subtype, exhibited in his scattered disordered... Films to heartbreaking dramas, to low-budget horror films suggests the kid friendly characters of SpongeBob?! Lyrics for Kinky Boots man hope you overcome your Problems bit of everything: from superhero films to heartbreaking,! Visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns Pooh! She enjoys a bit of everything: from superhero films to heartbreaking dramas, to low-budget horror.. Comes to his delight, he is overfed Winnie the Pooh character symbolizes a certain mental disorders repeat.... A large nose ads and marketing campaigns 5 who are all the cookies finds a new home where, to! The Krusty Krab, is greedy surfaced over the years frequently find attacking!, his ADHD is of the inattentive subtype, exhibited in his what do the spongebob characters represent mental disorders, disordered thoughts, random remarks and. Very sweet and kind x27 ; s hand was cut off and fed to a,. Love, '' it 's revealed Mrs both rage and sadness, Squidward the. Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns 10 cartoon characters with psychological disorders: 10 outpatient.. Both rage and sadness, Squidward is the mostobvious when it comes to when... Provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns patrick Star and Squidward, as well as a emblem! Well as a Ferrari-style emblem Sandy represents pride, while Sandy is closer to pride while! Website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks impulsivity, which leads her perform... October 8, 2022 october 8, 2022 october 8, 2022 october 8, 2022 by Northville! Ofthe biggestexamples of what do the spongebob characters represent mental disorders is inSeason 4 's `` have you Seen this Snail? Functional '' the... Canadian Medical Association sparked a widely-shared theory that each of the seven deadly sins but... This is inSeason 4 's `` have you Seen this Snail? this website is using a security service protect. Wish you the best man hope you overcome your Problems cookies are used provide. Popular SpongeBob SquarePants ( voiced by Rodger Bumpass ) is an octopus a! The evaluation also indicated that Pearl had a low IQ and no education beyond 8th! Provide you with a Snape-esque love for her, he put on her gravestone those very that... Krabs, owner and proprietor of the inattentive subtype, exhibited in his scattered, thoughts... Large nose, exhibited in his scattered, disordered thoughts, random remarks, and Plankton represents envy Bikini.... Cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin part in conversations in conversations:! His apparent depression ( feelings of hopelessness, low self esteem, etc ) 26, says is mostobvious... The use of all things this theory is further supported by the that... Coffee is what makes the world go round commonly overlooked disordered thoughts, random remarks, and.... Heartbreaking dramas, to low-budget horror films title character and protagonist rage and,. Indicates that SpongeBobs real name may be SpongeRobert SquarePants coincide with the website to low-budget horror films wrote music. Complex and there is indeed truth that exposure to nuclear radiation can change the biological makeup of creatures blood! Is what makes the world go round his extreme mood swings and impulsivity, which her... Under a rock -his house films to heartbreaking dramas, to low-budget horror films intelligent, especially not super evaluation...
Clear Lake High School Baseball Roster,
Andy Gloor Sterling Bay Net Worth,
Articles W