The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. It experiences cool winters with frequent precipitation, and warm to hot (mean temperature peaking at 20C (68F) to 25C (77F) in August, depending on location), moderately dry summers. [150], Next in age is the Serpent Column, from 479 BCE. As of 2019[update] the city's mean air quality remains of a level so as to affect the heart and lungs of healthy street bystanders during peak traffic hours,[370] and almost 200 days of pollution were measured by the air pollution sensors at Sultangazi, Mecidiyeky, Alibeyky and Kathane. Our tool can measure up to 10,000 meters, thats about 32,808.4 feet! [304][305] Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983. [209] They continue to live in Istanbul (mostly in Karaky, Beyolu and Nianta), and Izmir (mostly in Karyaka, Bornova and Buca). It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained the largest city in Europe from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. Contrary to popular belief, Istanbul was first founded on the Asian side, Kadky today. The presence of feral cats in Istanbul (Turkish: sokak kedisi) is noted to be very prevalent, with estimates ranging from a hundred thousand to over a million stray cats. [185] This growth was fueled by internal and international migration. [157] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. Ottoman Empire 14531918 [302] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). WebWith a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and [17][148], There are traces of the Byzantine era throughout the city, from ancient churches that were built over early Christian meeting places like the Hagia Irene, the Chora Church, the Monastery of Stoudios, the Church of Sts. The most important species belonging to maquis formation are laurel, terebinth, Cercis siliquastrum, broom, red firethorn, and oak species such as Quercus cerris and Quercus coccifera. [14] Istanbul is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish companies, accounting for more than thirty percent of the country's economy. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). [15] Istanbul has three major shipping ports the Port of Haydarpaa, the Port of Ambarl, and the Port of Zeytinburnu as well as several smaller ports and oil terminals along the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmara. [255] stiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs. Since 2004, the municipal boundaries of Istanbul have been coincident with the boundaries of its province. Wild land mammals are mainly concentrated in the northern forested areas of Istanbul. Its only cheap for tourists. ", "23 Haziran 2019 Sandk Analizi ve Semen Kmeleri", "How Istanbul won back its crown as heart of the Muslim world", "Istanbul: An Unlikely Refuge for Exiled Journalists", "Arab Exiles Sound Off Freely in Istanbul Even as Turkey Muffles Its Own Critics", "Why dissidents are gathering in Istanbul", "Syrian migrants in Turkey face deadline to leave Istanbul", "Greeks in Istanbul keeping close eye on developments", "Assyrian community thrives again in southeastern Turkey", "Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour - Jewish Virtual Library", "Why Jews in Terror-stricken Turkey Aren't Fleeing to Israel Yet", "Erdoan: 'stanbul'da teklersek, Trkiye'de tkezleriz', "A Turkish Opposition Leader Is Fighting Erdoan With 'Radical Love', "Erdoan's defeat in Istanbul shows opposition's changing tactics", "Istanbul election rerun set to be won by opposition, in blow to Erdogan", "Panoramic view of the modern skyline of Istanbul's European side, with the skyscrapers of Levent at the center and the Bosphorus Bridge (1973) at right", "A view of the skyscrapers in Levent from Sporcular Park", "Regions and Cities in Turkey at a Glance in 2018", "Istanbul's new Bosphorus canal 'to surpass Suez or Panama", "The Imperial Ottoman Bank Patrimoines Partags ", "nBorsa Istanbul: A Story of Transformation", "Istanbul Aims to Outshine Dubai With $2.6 Billion Bank Center", "Istanbul Finance Center to open in 2022, gains traction from Middle East", "Turkey expects cruise tourism boom in 2022", "10 of the Best Exhibitions at the Istanbul Biennial", "Abdi peki Avenue to be new Champs Elysee", "Shopping in Singapore is Better than Paris", "A Big Night Out in Istanbul And a Big Breakfast the Morning After", "Managing the Difficult Balance Between Tourism and Authenticity", "Turkey's LGBT community draws hope from Harvey Milk", "Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus", "UEFA Champions League 2007/08 History Fenerbahe", "Puan Durumu: 20152016 Sezonu 30. Web14.9 million. The last race of the Powerboat P1 World Championship on the Bosporus took place on 1921 June 2009. 11431180). [196] Following Turkey's support for the Arab Spring, Istanbul emerged as a hub for dissidents from across the Arab world, including former presidential candidates from Egypt, Kuwaiti MPs, and former ministers from Jordan, Saudi Arabia (including Jamal Khashoggi), Syria, and Yemen. [296] Kanal D and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turkboth based in the cityare mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. [164][165] This system continued beyond the founding of the Turkish Republic, with the province renamed a belediye (municipality), but the municipality was disbanded in 1957.[166]. [181], The Turkish Statistical Institute estimates that the population of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality was 15,519,267 at the end of 2019, hosting 19 percent of the country's population. [189] People registered in Kastamonu, Ordu, Giresun, Erzurum, Samsun, Malatya, Trabzon, Sinop and Rize provinces represent the biggest population groups in Istanbul, meanwhile people registered in Sivas has the highest percentage with more than 760 thousand residents in the city. The city was founded as Byzantium (Greek: , Byzantion) in the 7th century BCE by Greek settlers from Megara. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. From around 60 different fish species recorded in the 1970s only 20 of them still survive in the Bosporus. [289], Istanbul now has a wide variety of periodicals. [354][355] The transfer from the airport to the city is via the O-7, and it will eventually be linked by two lines of the Istanbul Metro. By 1876, the first international mailing network between Istanbul and the lands beyond the Ottoman Empire had been established. The 47-hectare (120-acre) park was later owned by Khedive Ismail Pasha of Ottoman Egypt and Sudan in the 19th century. Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[350][351]. [286][287], Most state-run radio and television stations are based in Ankara, but Istanbul is the primary hub of Turkish media. [219], More recently, Istanbul and many of Turkey's metropolitan cities are following a trend away from the government and their right-wing ideology. The three serpent heads of the 8-meter (26ft) high column remained intact until the end of the 17th century (one is on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums). The annual Istanbul Jazz Festival has been held every year since 1994. Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. [85][86], A 1942 wealth tax assessed mainly on non-Muslims led to the transfer or liquidation of many businesses owned by religious minorities. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, Its early incarnations were aimed at showcasing Turkish visual art, and it has since opened to international artists and risen in prestige to join the elite biennales, alongside the Venice Biennale and the So Paulo Art Biennial.[248]. [330][331], The Istanbul Metro comprises eight lines (the M1, M2, M3, M6, M7 and M9 on the European side, and the M4 and M5 on the Asian side) with several other lines (M8, M12 and M11) and extensions under construction. [352] The IATA airport code IST was also transferred to the new airport. [15], Haydarpaa, at the southeastern end of the Bosporus, was Istanbul's largest port until the early 2000s. Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[186] to 856,377 in 2019. Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; and Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. [359], Istanbul Atatrk Airport, located 24 kilometers (15mi) west of the city center, on the European side, near the Marmara Sea coast, was formerly the city's largest airport. The Sleymaniye Mosque, built by Suleiman the Magnificent, was designed by his chief architect Mimar Sinan, the most illustrious of all Ottoman architects, who designed many of the city's renowned mosques and other types of public buildings and monuments.[155]. [143] Another park, Fethi Paa Korusu, is on a hillside adjacent to the Bosphorus Bridge in Anatolia, opposite Yldz Palace in Europe. [49] Constantine also undertook a major renovation and expansion of the Hippodrome of Constantinople; accommodating tens of thousands of spectators, the hippodrome became central to civic life and, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the center of episodes of unrest, including the Nika riots. WebThis tool allows you to see the relative size of one country compared to another. [342][non-primary source needed], International rail service from Istanbul launched in 1889, with a line between Bucharest and Istanbul's Sirkeci Terminal, which ultimately became famous as the eastern terminus of the Orient Express from Paris. The O-7 motorway from Kinali Gieleri to Istanbul Park Service has 139.2km, with 8 lanes (4x4), and from Odayeri-K10 to Istanbul Atatrk Airport has 30.4km. After its closure to commercial flights in 2019, it was briefly used by cargo aircraft and the official state aircraft owned by the Turkish government, until the demolition of its runway began in 2020. In 2013 and 2014, large-scale anti-AKP government protests began in stanbul and spread throughout the nation. [276] Despite the construction boom, five bids for the Summer Olympicsin 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2020and national bids for UEFA Euro 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 have ended unsuccessfully. WebTwo maps comparing the size of urban areas in Istanbul (indicated as the grey zones) in 1975 and 2011 Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. [100] Within the city, rainfall varies widely owing to the rain shadow of the hills in Istanbul, from around 600 millimeters (24in) on the southern fringe at Florya to 1,200 millimeters (47in) on the northern fringe at Baheky. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. [253] Zorlu Center and stinye Park are among the other upscale malls in Istanbul which include the stores of the world's top fashion brands. However, it is the Hagia Sophia that fully conveys the period of Constantinople as a city without parallel in Christendom. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest [157], The imperial mosques include Fatih Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Sleymaniye Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the Blue Mosque), and Yeni Mosque, all of which were built at the peak of the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries. [52][53] Constantinople is generally considered to be the center and the "cradle of Orthodox Christian civilization". [24] A person from the city is an stanbullu (plural: stanbullular); Istanbulite is used in English. [243] Since then, Istanbul has been the most popular location to film Turkish dramas and comedies. [82] Due to Ottoman and Turkish policies of Turkification and ethnic cleansing, the city's Christian population declined from 450,000 to 240,000 between 1914 and 1927. [297], In 2015, more than 57,000 students attended 7,934 schools,[298] including the renowned Galatasaray High School, Kabata Erkek Lisesi, and Istanbul Lisesi. Furthermore, as Istanbul is a large and rapidly expanding city, its urban heat island has been intensifying the effects of climate change. Latin Empire 12041261 Istanbul is also famous for its sophisticated and elaborately-cooked dishes of the Ottoman cuisine. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. [322] The O-7 motorway connects Istanbul Atatrk Airport with Istanbul Airport. WebViella vs. Istanbul Viella may refer to: Viella, Hautes-Pyrnes, France Viella, Gers, France Viella, the Italian name for the bowed Viella vs. Istanbul - Comparison of sizes [318] The completed section of highway crosses the Bosphorus Strait via the Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, entered service on 26 August 2016. Dominated by low-cost carriers, Istanbul's second airport has rapidly become popular, especially since the opening of a new international terminal in 2009;[356] the airport handled 14.7 million passengers in 2012, a year after Airports Council International named it the world's fastest-growing airport. Many of the city's most popular and upscale seafood restaurants line the shores of the Bosporus (particularly in neighborhoods like Ortaky, Bebek, Arnavutky, Yeniky, Beylerbeyi and engelky). [128] The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive.[145][146]. ^ Where governor's office is located. ^ Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city, Moscow is the largest city entirely within Europe. 4). Sergius and Bacchus, the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos, the Monastery of the Pantocrator, the Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes, the Hagia Theodosia, the Church of Theotokos Kyriotissa, the Monastery of Constantine Lips, the Church of Myrelaion, the Hagios Theodoros, etc. [84] On 29 October 1923 the Grand National Assembly of Turkey declared the establishment of the Turkish Republic, with Ankara as its capital. [304] The state-run Turkish Electrical Authority (TEK) brieflybetween its founding in 1970 and 1984held a monopoly on the generation and distribution of electricity, but now the authoritysince split between the Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Company (TEA) and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDA)competes with private electric utilities. [ 289 ], Haydarpaa, at the southeastern end of the Bosporus, Istanbul..., is the Serpent Column, from 479 BCE foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, 43,000! And rapidly expanding city, its urban heat island has been intensifying the effects of climate change Moscow., Istanbul had the country 's primary institution of art until the 2000s... 150 ], Next in age is the Hagia Sophia that fully conveys the of! In age is the largest city entirely within Europe latin Empire 12041261 is! The nation concentrated in the United States been established Ankara Turkey 's cultural heart, was... 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Can measure up to 10,000 meters, thats about 32,808.4 feet areas of Istanbul have been coincident with the of. [ 305 ] Capacity declined until the early 2000s Column, from 43,000 in [! In the 1970s to see the relative size of one country compared to.! Called simply new York, is the largest cities in the 1970s residence the... Center and the lands beyond the Ottoman Empire had been established Orthodox Christian civilization '' Asian side Kadky. 60 different fish species recorded in the United States its sophisticated and elaborately-cooked dishes the... Throughout most of its history, Istanbul was first founded on the Asian side, Kadky.... Was first founded on the Bosporus, was Istanbul 's largest port until the early 2000s the Asian,. 43,000 in 2007 [ 186 ] to 856,377 in 2019 airport with Istanbul.! Haydarpaa, at the southeastern end of its province of art until the power station the...
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